Conditional Type 3

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Conditional Type 3

► Conditional Type 3 

Conditional Type 3, geçmişte kalmış, genelde gerçekleşmesi imkansız veya zor olan bir durumu ve bu durumun sonucunu belirten hayali konuşmaları ifade etmektedir. Konuşma hayalidir çünkü bahsedilen şartın veya bu şarta bağlı sonucun oluşması için artık çok geçtir. Bu yüzden de cümlelerde genellikle bir pişmanlık anlamı hissedilir. 

 

YAPI

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Past Perfect

would + have + past participle

could + have + past participle

might + have + past participle

 

ÖRNEK CÜMLE OLUŞUMU

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If I had trained hard

I would have won the race

I could have won the race

I might have won the race

 

Examples;

- If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home and slept till noon. (Eğer dün yağmur yağsaydı evde kalır ve öğleye kadar uyurduk.)

- If you hadn't informed him, he couldn't have gotten out of trouble. (Eğer uyarmasaydın başı beladan kurtulmazdı.)

- We might have finished the work on time if they had helped us last week. (Eğer geçen hafta bize yardım etselerdi işi zamanında bitirebilirdik.)

► Conditional Type 3 "Were to have" kullanımı 

Pek yaygın olmasa da had yerine were to have kullanılabilir.

- If it were to have rained, we would have stayed at home and slept till noon. (Eğer dün yağmur yağmış olsaydı evde kalırdık ve öğleye kadar uyurduk.)

► Conditional Type 3 Inversion

Had başa getirildiği zaman if kalkar. Ancak bu şekil daha çok resmi yazılarda kullanılır. Konuşma dilinde kullanılmaz.

- Had they caught the train, they would not have been late for work. (Trene yetişselerdi işe geç kalmayacaklardı.)

- Had he not sold his car, he could not have bought that house. (Arabasını satmasa, evini alamayacaktı.)

 

► Conditional Type 3 Alternatifler

Type 3'de if clause'da past perfect yerine, past perfect continuous da kullanılabilir.

- If you had been driving more carefully, you wouldn't have hit that car. (Eğer daha dikkatli araba kullanıyor olsaydın o arabaya çarpmazdın.)

► Conditional Type 3 Alternatifler

If clause da past perfect yerine could have done kullanılabilir.

- If I could have found him, I would have paid my debt. (Eğer onu bulabilseydim borcumu ödeyecektim.

FORM

 

In Conditionals Type 3, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional or the perfect continuous conditional.

IF CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
If + past perfect perfect perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If you had worked harder, you would have passed the exam.
If I had seen Susan, I would have talked to her. 

 

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT) IF CLAUSE (CONDITION)
perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional If + past perfect perfect
You would have passed the exam if you had studied harder.

 

USE

 

► Impossible Condition in the Past

Conditional Type 3 refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal because it is late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always a kind of regret in these sentences. 

 

If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)

If I had known you were coming I would have cleaned the house. (But I didn't know and I didn't clean the house.)

I would have been happy if you had visited me. (But you didn't visit me and I am not happy.)

 

► Using Modals

In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

 

If I had worked harder, I might have passed the exam.

You could have been on time if you had caught the train.

 

 

► Contractions in Conditional Type 3

Both would and had can be contracted to 'd. But this can be confusing with Conditional Type 3. So you should be very careful about the rules below while using Conditional Type 3.  

 

1. Would never appears in the if-clause. So when 'd appears in the if clause, it must be had.

2. Had never appears before have. So when 'd appears on a pronoun just before have, it must be would.

 

If I'd known you were in the hospital, I'd have visited you.

If I had known you were in the hospital, I would have visited you.

 

I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.

I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.

 

Reklam