1. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In 1993, Frances Rauscher and her team published a scientific paper that changed the world. She had taken a number of students and randomly divided them into three groups. One group listened to Mozarts Sonafa for Two Pianos in D Major, the second group heard a standard relaxation tape, and the third sat in silence. Everyone then completed a standard test of spatial intelligence. Those who had listened to Mozart scored far higher than those in the other two groups. Journalists reported the findings, with some exaggerating the results, declaring just a few minutes of Mozart led to a substantial, long-term increase in intelligence. The idea spread, some reporting that even babies became brighter after listening to Mozart. But when other scientists tried to replicate Rauschers results, they concluded that the effect, if it existed, was much smaller than was first thought. For instance, Glenn Schellenberg had children learn keyboard skills, have voice training, take drama classes or, as a control, do nothing. Clear IQ improvements were observed in children who were taught keyboard skills or given voice lessons, whereas those given drama lessons were no different from the control group. It seems that the focused attention and memorization required in certain tasks, not just listening to Mozart, helps childrens self-discipline and thinking. As stated in the passage, some journalists reports of the findings of Rauscher and her teams experiment —.

2. lt can be understood from the passage that in 1993 Frances Rauscher and her team —.

3. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The idea that American Indians could have built something resembling a city was so foreign to European settlers that when they encountered the Cahokia Mounds in lllinois in Midwest America, they thought they must have been the work of a foreign civilization: either the Phoenicians or the Vikings. Even today the idea of an Indian city runs so contrary to American notions of Indian life that no Anglo-Saxon American can absorb it. The first person to write an account of the Cahokia Mounds, the earliest and finest city built by Indians, was Henry Brackenbridge in 1811. When he reported his discovery, likening it to Egyptian pyramids, newspapers widely ignored it. He complained of this to his friend, former president Thomas Jefferson, and the word of “Cahokia “ did eventually get around. Unfortunately, most Americans were not very interested. The United States was trying to get the Indians Removal Act of 1830 which ordered the relocation of eastern Indians to lands west of the Mississippi was based on the assumption that Indıans were nomadic savages with no ability to make good use of land. Evidence of an ancient city, close to the size of Washington, D.C. at that time, would have spoiled the story line. It can be understood from the passage that during the 1800s__.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that, if news of the discovery of a big Indian city had spread throughout America__.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that__.

6. In the passage, the fact that the descendants of the European settlers cannot come to terms with the accomplishments of the American Indians shows that__.

7. According to the study by Patricia Dietz, __.

8. As pointed out in the passage, besides biological factors, another factor suggested fort he emergence of postpartum depression is __.

9. It can be inferred from the passage that __.

10. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Women seem to be particularly vulnerable to depression during their reproductive years: Rates of the disorder are highest in females between the ages of 25 and 45. New data indicate that the incidence of depression in females rises after giving birth. In 2007 Patricia Dietz reported that 10.4% of 4,398 mothers had been depressed in the nine months following childbirth compared with 8.7% in the nine months before pregnancy and 6.9% during the pregnancy. More than half of the women with post natal depression had also been depressed during or before pregnancy suggesting that a previous occurrence of depression may be the biggest risk factor for acquiring the illness postpartum depression. But the hormonal changes that occur in a new mother’s body are also thought to contribute to postpartum depression. During pregnancy, a woman experiences a surge in blood levels of oestrogen and progesterone. Then, in the first 48 hours after chilbirth, the amount of these two hormones falls suddenly, almost back to normal levels. This chemical instability could contribute to depression. After all, this biochemical fluctuation small proportion of them become depressed. It is understood from the passage that one of the causes of postpartum depression could be__.

11. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Americans tend to think that varieties of English aremore determined by region than by any other factor, such as age, ethnicity, gender and social class. The linguist Henry Smith, for instance, maintained that each region of American English is highly distinctive. Scholars who have investigated the matter have been influenced by the theory of dialect geography formulated in the 19th century by Europeandialectologists. As a result, investigations have presumed the idea of long-settled and stable regions – an idea appropriate for Europe but less suitable to the more recent and fluid settlement patterns of the US.Even so, American English dialects are conventionally treated under four headings: North, Coastal South, Midland, and West. The Northern dialect stretches from New England to New York and was shaped by migration from the 17th century colonial settlements. The Coastal Southern dialect centres on the Atlantic port cities of the states of Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia, formed in a time of plantation and ranch agriculture. The Midland dialect is spoken between North and South Midlands according to some dialectologists while others emphasize its affiliation with its neighbours and describe it as Lower North and Upper South. Finally, the Western dialect is used in the area that covers California and the Pacific Northwest. As it is clearly stated in the passage, there is an assumption that ___.

12. It can be inferred from the passage that the author___.

13. According to the passage, ___.

14. According to the passage, ___.

15. According to the passage, physical disabilities ___.

16. According to the passage, ___.

17. It is stated in the passage that ___.

18. According to the passage, ___.

19. According to the passage, Enver Pasha ___.

20. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya gore cevaplayınız. To succeed in school, children must master threeskills – reading, writing and arithmetic – but not all students readily grasp these basic skills. Among English speaking children, an estimated 2 to 15% have trouble with reading or spelling, broadly classified as dyslexia. From 1 to 7% struggle to do math, a disability known as dyscalculia. Statistics vary but dyslexia appears to be more common among English speakers than among speakers of highly phonetic languages such as Turkish and Italian. It is believed that at least one child in most elementary school classes in the US suffers from dyslexia. Both dyslexia and dyscalculia defy easy explanation. Neither disorder is the result of faulty eyesight or hearing, both of which can also delay language acquisition but are easily corrected. Instead, children with dyslexia and dyscalculia have working sensory organs, apparently normal sensory and motor development and, sometimes, above-average intelligence. After more than 15 years of research, investigators now believe these conditions frequently involve so-called partial functional deficits of the senses: In affected children, the eyes and ears accurately register sights and sounds, letters, numbers and spoken syllables, but that information is misinterpreted as it is processed in the brain. As it is clearly stated in the passage, the disorder dyslexia ___.

21. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya gore cevaplayınız. The First World War could be called the War of the Ottoman Succession. It was, in part, a struggle between Austria and Russia for domination in the areas in the Balkans once ruled by the Ottoman Empire. Its first shots were fired in the former Ottoman city of Sarajevo. Throughout the summer and autumn of 1914, as the European powers were locked in battle, the Ottoman government hesitated. Finally, at the end of October, against the wishes of his colleagues, Enver Pasha decided to attack Russian targets with the new warships in the Black Sea. His decision led to war across Europe, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the end of stability in the Middle East. Initially, the alliance between the Ottoman Empire and the Central Powers worked well. In the first half of the 20th century, Germany was not the source of horror that it later became. Britain, France and Russia were the enemies to be feared and resented. By comparison, Germany appeared friendly. The Ottoman government calculated that its alliance with the Central Powers would restore the glory of the empire, help it recover some of the islands lost to Greece in 1913, and perhaps lead to an extension of territory in Turkish-speaking central Asia. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.

22. The main focus of the passage is on ___.

23. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya gore cevaplayınız. The Dead Sea is a place of mystery: the lowest surface on earth, the purported sites of Sodom and Gomorrah, a supposed font of curative waters and, despite its name, a treasure trove of unusual microbial life. Yet its future is anything but a mystery. After centuries of stability – owing to a delicate equilibrium between freshwater supply from the Jordan River and evaporation under the relentless Middle Eastern sun – the sea is now disappearing. Jordanians to the east, Israelis to the west and Syrians and Lebanese to the north are pumping so much freshwater from the river catchment that almost none reaches the sea. Israel and Jordan are also siphoning water from the Dead Sea to extract valuable minerals, hastening the decline. Thousands of sinkholes have formed in the receding sea’s wake, curtailing tourism and development along the border because no one can predict where the next gaping hole will suddenly open, potentially swallowing buildings, roads or people. Concerned over losing a valuable natural and cultural resource, officials from Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authorities have proposed an enormous conveyor system that would steadily refill the Dead Sea with water from the Red Sea to the south. Scientists are testing how the mixing of the waters might affect the lake’s chemistry and biology. According to the passage, the Dead Sea ___.

24. The main reason why the Dead Sea is about to disappear is that ___.

25. We understand from the passage that ___.