1. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Therapists have to be very careful before they make a diagnosis of delusional disorder. A great many complaints are founded on fact. It is possible that a patient is really being harassed at work, that her husband is deceiving her, or thather business partner is cheating her. Indeed, therapists must be careful not to mislabel facts as delusions, a trap known as “the Martha Mitchell effect”. Martha Mitchell was the wife of former US attorney general John Mitchell. In October 1972, he was accused of having ordered the break-in at the Democratic campaign headquarters in the WatergateHotel in Washington, D.C. Mrs Mitchell that her husband was being made a scapegoat to protect the real culprit - President Richard M. Nixon. The White House spread disinformation about Mrs Mitchell, saying she had a drinking problem and implying that her statements were delusional. When the scandal was ultimately unravelled, Mrs Mitchell’s statements were proved true and she was shown to be utterly sane and with no drinking problem. The passage draws attention to the fact that —.

2. We understand from the passagethat Mrs Mitchell —.

3. We learn from the passage that, in the Watergate affair, US attorney general John Mitchell —.

4. According to the passage, Mrs Mitchell’s statements about her husband —.

5. It is clear from the passage that, by “the Martha Mitchell effect” is meant —.

6. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Recent activity in several US church communities has seemed almost unbelievable: churchgoers have gathered around huge fires and cheered as they cast Harry Potter books into the flames. They fear that the incredibly popular series about a school for young wizards is spurring children and adolescents toward a life of witchcraft and onto the dangerous path toward Satanism. For these congregations, J.K. Rowling’s books are none other than the work of the devil herself. To most people, however, the Harry Potter books and films are merely compelling adventure stories, not a threat to children’s psyches. But what has been forgotten in the excitement of “Pottermania” is that boys and girls have been fascinated by magic and sorcery for generations. Surveys about magical practices among adolescents vary widely, but some indicate that as many as 44 per cent have shown some slight, passing interest in it. Although satanically motivated violence occasionally makes headlines, research shows that less than 5 per cent of young people take part in more extensive witchcraft, and very few end up in the kind of organized devil worship that can lead to such acts as ritual murder. The attitude of the writer of the passage towards the burning of the Harry Potter books by various church communities is —.

7. One point emphasized in the passage is that the interest of young people in magic —.

8. According to the passage, though a fair number of young people have felt a vague, temporary interest in magic, —.

9. In the passage, though the writer does not want to make a big issue of the matter of witchcraft, he —.

10. According to the passage, those who burn the Harry Potter books —.

11. One point made in the passage is that unanswered questions about the world and the universe —.

12. One aim of the writer in this passage is to make people realize that —.

13. It is clear from the passage that the writer often wonders about why —.

14. The phrase “just happen to” supports the writer’s view of the world as a place —.

15. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Why does sea water taste salty? It’s a question that has been asked by countless people down the ages. And the answer seems straightforward: rain constantly erodes the surface of the Earth, washing a mix of natural chemicals into rivers and thence into the sea. The most water-soluble and abundant of these just happen to taste salty. All very simple. Or is it? After all, erosion has been taking place for millions of years, dumping ever more of these salty compounds into the sea, yet the concentration is still far below the saturation level. So the real mystery is not why the sea tastes salty, but why it isn’t utterly packed with salt, and as lifeless as the Dead Sea. Here is another curious thing about our planet. Its atmosphere has existed for billions of years, and yet is still contains a mix of highly reactive gases like oxygen and methane. Why haven’t they settled down into a boring unreactive atmosphere like that of Mars or Venus? According to the passage, the most important and fascinating question about salt and the sea is: —?

16. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Family-owned companies are bad for business, a new study argues - at least when they dominate a large portion of a country’s economy. Outside the United States and Britain most major corporations are in the hands of a few wealthy families, rather than, as in the US and Britain, being owned by a wide network of shareholders. The power of these small families often extends far beyond the companies they own directly, thanks to a system of “control pyramids” in which they exercise indirect control over a large number of smaller companies. This concentration of corporate power doesn’t merely leave a high percentage of wealth in the hands of billionaires - it also retards growth, diminishes efficiency, and limits economic freedom. Moreover, “a tiny elite that cannot be sacked,” as the study puts it, is likely to pursue “economic entrenchment”, in which property rights and financial openness are restricted to protect a few families’ economic and political prerogatives or rights. The aim of the passage is to —.

17. We understand from the passage that in Britain and the US, the larger companies —.

18. We learn from the passage that the “control pyramids”—.

19. By the “tiny elite that cannot besacked” of the passage is meant —.

20. It is clear from the passage that a major aim of the big family companies is to —.

21. Aşağıdaki soruları parçaya göre cevaplayınız. One of the greatest natural catastrophes the world will ever see could be little more than a decade away. The film Supervolcano traces the evolution of an enormous volcanic eruption - one that not only wipes out several states of America but that threatens the entire planet. But is such an eruption really possible? Well, supervolcanoes certainly aren’t fiction. They’re a normal part of the way the Earth works and occur perhaps every 50,000 years. Every statistic associated with a super-eruption is always wildly over-exaggerated. Molten magma is blasted out at a rate 140 times greater than the flow of water over the Victoria-Falls. Ash and gas are thrown more than 50km upwards to the edge of space before falling over one percent of the Earth’s surface. Enough ash would pile up on the ground to bury Britain under a blanket 4m thick. Further, devastating winds carrying burning gas and red hot ash would scour the land surface over an area of 10,000 square kilometers. Worst of all, a super-eruption is followed by a dramatic fall in global temperatures, leading to years and years of bitter cold known as a volcanic winter. We understand from the passage that the film Supervolcano —.

22. In this dramatic account of the film Supervolcano, the writer —.

23. According to the passage, one of the devastating consequences following a super-eruption would be —.

24. The writer seems convinced that —.

25. According to the passage, the destruction caused by a volcanic super-eruption —.